Newspapers / The New Era (Goldsboro, … / Oct. 27, 1853, edition 1 / Page 1
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V J- ill t r I ; .5 : J3& .-'i;'-v THE KEWllSRA. KEN MEBY & SMALLJ Piorjrietors. 1 : WILLIAM BOBINSON. Editor. .r - H Teem- -This New Era.U published everv Thtksdat ; : Morni g, fit $2- per annum, if paid in advance- $2 :50 ,; .jpiy?rtitj ' ibe delayed six months and $3 -.Trill in : Variably be charged if not paid till the expiration of :M)ie'year.:. , - - ' .- " ' j." . ; , " -Terms to CiiuBst Three copies will be sent to one ji I ' address for 5 ; Fire copies for $8 - Ten copies for r j'afid Fifteen copies for $20 payment always in advance Iji i ' ' j v Frbm the Raleigh Register.; ii tJEOLOO jcAL ANP AGRICULTURAL i f : ! l.''My clasises have been taught for years thai " there are valuable deposits of coal: in Chatham aid ; ;M90TeJProfessor .JIitch'U, 2' .5.1 ! .: "Tliere can be no. safe iriveattnent of capital, i'Aw'aus'fl . ,.tBer4: V3fno opposite outcrop." -Professor ' - j j o. - ,4 acre is no prospect of thercbeing coaldepdsf .' its Lft- ChutliaWi, because there is no coal basin." Pm ?sor ;Iiichcll, So. 8. . ' ' ! i . l i l!! Jt ianot ray purpose. to attempt to reconcile i.rof.i Iitehn s three positions. No one 5; but - Iiitnfeelh cari l!e coinpetent to reconcile the coti . ia!dy':.thyy.:c6iijtarii. I shall, therefore prb ;4ivai6nce to as):, j?rof. Mitchell what influeni i ztxputcop enjh have on he quantity and quali2 tv bf'tl e coal within a r.on.l-fif lrt ? Snnnnu fir ( : - ; 7: - '5 ;iampfet tliai. the Richmond coal-field had bu - y; vuiirup, vuuiu uie .coai -wiiuin it oe less 111 ; qbatitH tha it is with two .outcrops, of oujtt V SrS ,u)on ;oppoiite sides ? Do, Coney beare anjd ;tiHip the;'vork ' before the jProfessor, when; i fild ts yalticlss wjien ;t lias tut sone outcrop i N J jiis xl4rineffl believe, can liavf no, autlioritj; !tiat?'ofj:-Prof.- 'Mitclieirs. 1 Whether this JctfMectttre be tpe or ijol, h is not supported Dyi ; TGtVimcivobsefvati(i'.iK;i. There are valuable cdaLf .- I - ..-! - ; . . : .11 taifv?dii3erent lifrom that which; produced the! L & v i . - - li . coali 1There are differences both iu time and in klnxl'itnd th.ey are wholly independent of each; rop,:it is true, facilitates discov -I tux-" l. I ' - XYIX OUL eryvl .tt adus: to uie evidence. , jput, wilt j l'rot; itf LfeUl -deny i the- correctness 01 the position '-S'--S'iwliUuirate'tiikcriL-.tiiat ; where 4 there exists a : are; conformable "in posi'r ! y tidil, 6ni?i4ting; of; coal-slates, sandstones, fire,-; Hlatf i tryn'stotile, a'l containing the tossus, com- liwl the - yor I over ' to a coai-neii, ;or a coai- :bafin,.aiKL.uccbnip:.nied with regular oiitcrops of. itniform position j that, all these ttn fmi-iml for llio intiM!irp. that. tliprV is $ a iiiluable tleiitosit' of coal that 'it- is a true coal riiitU:; frhese j?- l'i a f'ni : t 1 ,1 . 1 : t I .f . 1 :are uie eviiiewees yvnicu ,uie oet iitide in -and rely? upon.' I When jthefeo c'ideuees e.Ht, all geoloji4ts unite m sav- lnr stha.t the e: (deuce is sumcient to warrant arhcient to warrant .the .." tistnient'6i1fcapital,, and furthermore, tliat tine i Keiths 0 ctfal iarc extensive, and jtlieir extension i cajfuo. t ire c ) n uq i i eu u r ni ou 1 u ea ; oy tne o u tc r op. blhK iewof th'iforegoUrg position,, which I . have 'taHenli-chalit'h'i'e 1 rot. Mitchell ito cite more in 1 stalicei iof tiiiilure of - this kind. ! I full v believe pth lie igiibrafci bf a single'.', one',; because, t lhdliad cuov i one. or had read of one, he would --IrMefiirtifiedj- hrs ivvosition. bv statiuir it. ' W ?Jhtejnthe. ant and Moore co-u-fields, ah F- "' V. 1". 4.. f . 1 "! , ' t xa-iideaiiivptot ottx crops oi tne'coai. seams, in a dtsliiiet'liiie of bearing, the same seams appeal lug at'wiSle jijiterv'als, and they are penetrate h ' atrfiUMierous jt joints 1V borrn r- JAV as there not la . 'ajktthen-iiij niy inference that we jmightl'l api.mle,;tiat tivese -seams have ai breadth! equal! 4ty;BiiM)hth':that: of the';-. coalfield! Especi- AUlj-v when, in i'thej Richmond coal-field, .which, '!U'a'i:;.tJ'Luid ,v)ts - breadth is much greater '''iiv;.tMtw;Uiori nvvhat are all calculations nnd U'ixjj)ejt4tions :jasedj in coal uiining, or any mid-1 i juj l ' OiL-'oLarvation and. experience nothing "X:'i n '-$d observa ti o ii and experience are th p ,iais 6U iiy' calculation ; and, if observation" fails;, U w ill be -because the coal-field of Chatham Is ;'aifexceptiU)ii jo estsibiishea ruiesj : ' ; - - V -: 1 jut Piiof. -Mitchell declares hel has tau'sht his- . ; cl:i.ses that. .Acre are valuable c6al deposits in :U ChHthara'and 'Moore.- '-lie" has taught this, thd'i ' . be- ?ias lejr thah half the; knowledge I have ac-. '-C:Tt ii Metft this cotl-iit'ld ; " and yetj he accuses me! ot.iioiainir upi laiso . j uruis, wneu i ueciare wiet iajne tiling. wjiich; he has taught -for. years ! t$ i il'mf. MitclielU. ftirthermore nieans " that ;;pupic sljalj -bjsUe-ve'r that ho, was the man j lirif; recommended ihe ;se..j6f theiauger for? I who! test- iiigj thecoat u lit .1-; J.C f..T 1 - pajtv. concern ed ' in this vjiirchase, dcfnies in to to j that , any suggestion, or recommeiKiaiion was ev- fjr ilUlUC VO llipii. Ul UIU' UIMU, - Will 4-' i.. O.lAtVj'JGH, .aiianpoiig iOetore inis purcuase, useu ; mo auger ' jiiiielf,witii ucess, and it was through: his in:1 .- -. t i - . t r i . i ' ' s t ininen talf ty ' 1 1 a t th e , G o veni o r reco 1 n m ended aifppro)riat;ioh to carry the same means; into litlVt througl. out the whole coal fields of Chat-' Jia'm and loort. .k.-". i ; j' j , - . But ag;iin,Hhere can be no safe investment of caStal in XJhatliani, says Prof;; Mi, bdeause there 3 isijifai ocil-.' :ba$t)i. A Does1 Prof. Mitchell iutend to fay there; are coal, fields ui this country, in u JScbiiand, Ehfftand and alesJ ivhich lare not f jsiftliessfuliy woike'J, and which are not' basin Shaped ? nLet him 'ten , the uUlii whether' it is -: A' t -i--l-.1' . S . i so or no 'I -Tut there s kill another view,which Trof. M. , maintains, w tich lias a practical- bearing upon" liliMvalwgf ,tlic' ICji-dtham coal fifld. : He says, T'that, aeoi-ding to "my statement jof the din, the ySeaui5)l coai,jauxne uisuince oi one mne irom tliHoutcrdp, vill be over ltOO fejet deep. j This; s p:pyintltavc hut overlooked. 1 I have either Rtated- m my repor.i, or nave everywhere! saiq, prpven .bv observation and-- exper , U i fVvitli i ri -tlitj coal field, i nstead of beiug 20 i In-pU ;. VuV-mii tittle nr naibiniy .1 ! - llfut Pi M. savs l am wroujr !in insinuatlnfr ; that the force winch elevated this? coal field -Was urliciWStrd.ts 1.'h'orthe'rn':-edgi. ;IIe maintains '4 .distincJt'iioVwds, and tlie circu instances which at- ,f tended th; opoMijon, ot the coa strata., i i he 4 - period. of subsidence is totally distinct from ! tliat oflttUu The formation is marine atid Us reclamation from v the "sea. in ; whit-h the deposits were made, took place Ion : i -' e. i ' ' '. !-.: '. -.I t "ii i. . 1 laftet-tl.. 'silisidencest .waicli Mr. Lyell refers to Dut 1 do not propose. to discuss' a purely jeo- iloMcal: question at this time. . The Onlv point of , iiiipoHance; s, is the coat too' deep, in conse qUence : of a. continued steep-' dip, to become available'at the distance of.3 miles from its.outer j -(Ijgef'j; '; I jhavei: however, answered this question. Il lt ps proved that the inclination of the strata is li u 1 1 rial n g w ii i e iu a u i is useu at n,gypt.- It ishould not be forgotten that tlie Rich mond . coaj field ! has a very steep continuous dip, fitr irreiter than an v which js known, in Chatham, anH'ejt-tlre seam is yorked half a mile inside of .thajt.Hheviui.p".'uiuiiuish.es, as we recede trom the irtiflnedia; ou;tci?op , ;Now, this position has been unent. ihe I s . ; ; that te remains in mut except ihe subs ( 1 hiliVveft vvktU ttk phico Uuriii tlie period when Vilfi ih'jioaP rvtion as being deposited, -j The ill lofessor'has Evidently confounded tofrether two v it the depth of 800 feet. "-p 1 4i H IS is- Dfuntti fa )t Strtemste II. If the coal seams of Chatham become; flat, whv ma they not be .worked at the distance of 3 miles from this outcrop ! It will require a long1 period to reach that distance.' I have always regarded the Chatham coal in value far superior to tlie Richmond. iW once more, I maintain that Prof. Mitch ell comparisons are inapplicable to the qase. Ifj 'however, a blind-folded geologist was permit tec! jto examine a &QTies extending from Ral eigh to Chapel Hill, and, at the distance of ev jery two miles, shooldr.find a coal seam, six feet thick, withjts slates, its fire-clay, its fossils, its sand-stones, etc would he not,n .es'tablislied ge!ogica' principles, be warranted in saying that there was an extensive coal field, and that ithe seanj extended far in the direction of dip ! ; He might justly say this as a geologist, and yet nei ther a T geologist, nor any person, be his attain ments cver so respectable, eoukl J tvhat"the Contour of the adjacent country is, or im ay "be because, in the first case, these is a ule founded upon extensive observation and experience; in the ther, there is no special rule. r V V I Let Prof.l Mitchell be consistent and not-con- tradfetory in his teachings and writines. Let hinijeease to charge others with holdin charge others with holding out falsedights and coloring too highly, or, with aid iug Others in playing out a game of speculation, and shall be better satisfied with his criticisms. I assure, hira, that I shall always read his just criticisms with pleasure ; but shall never be si lent,' sunder charges similar to those which have been 'made in his former communications. EBENEZER EMMONS, s Geologist to the State of N. C. Jamestown j Guilford Co., Oct. 7, 1853. Fou the Raleigh Register. C4RE FEAR & DEEP RIVER IMPROVE- ! j ; MENT. No. 2. -V . Mr. Editor t I have just readthe last com munication of Dr. Mitcheilj from which I per ceiv that he has changed the ground of the con troversy between- us; with reference to the navi gation ot the Cape tear and Deep -Rivers. 5 Assuming now, tliat our improvement will be accomplished and will answer for the present, he now, insists, that in-the event ot the Kail Road being completed, it will be not only a succes fiil but a fatal rival. J ! This necessarily puts an end to all further controversy between us, and, to my gratification, relieves me irom the neces&ity of saying any thing more. ; ! ! I cannot conclude, however, without correct ing an error into which I have inadvertently led Dr. Mitchell, and perhaps the public, in stating the distance from Haywood to Fayetteville to be 100 miles, the actual distance is 60 miles by the .survey of the Engineer, Col. W. 13. Thomp- son 100 miles bemjr the distance trom the head of navigation at Hancock's to Fayetteville. 4 W I My article was written somewhat hurriedly, and tue mistake was not discovered until it was pub- hshed. : ' ; : 5 Ihis slows, therefore, that Dr. Mitchell has overstated tne distance Irom the heart ot the coal fields to Fayetteville, just one third, it beinc 80 miles instead of 120 and therefore, so fir as distance , has any thing to do with the value of the river improvement, increases it one third. I ' . 1 1! am told.bv those who know, 'that the hiirh- est sneed made bv a train of coal .cars on a rail road is 8 miles instead of 25. the sneed assum- - la I . .V iL iA -nr:.i -ii tii i f i I eu pv ur. iuueneii. uns, so iar lis sveeu is con- cenied diminishes' the value of the roid two thirds ' ? ." - . ! ' I Now, as to the ability of the River to com- pete successfully with the Rail Road, t am per- fectly content to leave that to the decision of thoie havincr more practical experience than Dr. j . - ' U A .1 Mitchell or myself appreheuding, on my own part, no danger from that qxuirter, but hoping there will bo work enouch tor both nnprove- raeuts, being a friend, as I sincerely am, to iln conclusion, Mr. Editor, I beer to recipro- cate1 the kind expression of.Pr. Mito.helL with reference to my communication, and rejoice that the.ije is no lonjxer any necessity for further con- Jf II. nAUGHTON. M LLS' GREAT STATUE OF WASHINGTON iThe preparations for the construction of.the bronze equestrian stouie of the Father '". of our Country are now ma&fag good progress. - The Washington Union says Clark Mills, Esq., the artist, lias laid out the rounds of his pyIph vn works near the city, aud is proceeding as f;ist as - , a - . possible in the erection of, the necessary build ings. He is constructing his own foundry arid moulding shops,-by means of which the whole work will be constantly undei his own eye. As fast as fie is furnished with the required means he, will go oaVith his great, national desigu a design, when completed as Mr. Mills intends, that will be worthy oTthe name of the republic and its illustrious sire. 'j ' ; . The act of Congress providing for this statue authorizes the President to contract with Mr. Mi)ls for the erection of a colossal work, hot in- tenor to his equestrian statue of Jackson in size, li finish, and pedestal. For the accomplishment : i- L i - . .i . sol iuis painouc pui pose tne sum oi nttv thou- sand dollars is placed at tlie disposal of the Ex- j feeutive, lhe statue. is to be completed m five years, and to be erected in such a "spot as the 'President may direct. 4 It has always been the intention of Mr. Mills ithat the statue of Washington should be much I larger than that of Jackson. ! He designs it to ibe the most colossal work of the kind in the Iworld -emblematical of the character and deeds of the man it commemorates. The horse he Iwoiild make some 30 teet in length, "proportion ;!atey high, and with a head 10 teet long from 'the end of the nose to the tip of the ears. The -ir ' "r I 1 -t . m animal is not to do rearing, like that on which the Hero of New-Orleans is mounted, but att rest -and vet in a position of a comraahdihn' and imposing character, Washington is to he seat ed on bun erect ; his Ciip of the strict revolution ary army style, on his head; his left arm rest ing on his left thigh; his right arm raised and .pointing to the distance ; aud his whole uniform, and the caparison of his horse, in strict keeping iwith the eventful times that tried the souls of our patriotic fathers. .. ! H But the most grand idea of this statue formed byjMr. Mills, is the height at which the horse ! fluJ lider to erected from the ground. " i :l ' " : '. AHA nf (Bkratiuir, griralturf, nnttjjE GOLDSBORO', N. C.,. THURSDAY, OCTOBER 27, 1853. He proposes to place them serenty feet high in the air ! At this distance the colossal propor tions of the great statue will show to the best advantage. If erected where Mr.-Mills designs it should be directly in the centre of the Pennsyl vania avenue, near the site of the present mar ket house, which he would have removed and a square laid out in its place the statue will tow er abore the surrounding houses, and present a splendid object' of national contemplation to the future occupants of the Executive Mansion and both houses of Congress. It could be seen (Tom all the departments, from every approach to, and avenue and street in, the metropolis that bears the name of . Washington. Our countrymen, and visitors and sojourners from other nations, as tuey flock to the national city, will be struck by this great national memento of gratitude and affection. Coming up the Potomac, from be side the quiet and' hallowed "shades of "Mount Vernon, forever be they preserved as the in heritance of the nation !) the traveler wilJ fix his eyes, often, we doubt not, suffused with grateful and patriotic tea rs, on the colossal statue of the hero aud the statesman whose fame is as wide JIS lllA WOrlfl Pntorln ltx Urr VVnm n 1 1 direction ' for quite, a distauce out the maWm structure win striKe the gaze of the beholder, and fiil him with' admiration, and insniro him. if he be a patriot at heart, with the most grace , , , ful emotions. ' . The construction of the Washington statue on this plan will, of course, require a much lar ger sum than that provided by Oongress. And we cannot doubt, for a momeut, but that it would be forthcoming at once for such a purpose.! Mr. Mills has shown his countrymen what he cau do by his equestrian statue of Jackson : and we believe the people vill nobly sustain their na tional legislature if they shall invest the Prcsi dent with ample powers to enable the distin guished American -artist fully to complete his grana design. Juvenile Precocity. The Tyler (Texas Telegraphy of a Jate date, has the following ac count Of a 4 'smart boy." A good deal has been said of late about tlie precocity of American youth, but all that we have seen of them is completely outstripped by u Mexican "boy n; of San Antonio. He attempt ed to give in his vote at the late election, but from his youthful appearance, his vote was chal lenged, and it was proven on oath that he Was out thirteen years ot age. l he .Ledger says that he has a wife and child one year old, and f r the sake of gratifying curiosity, the editor of tliat paper was led to consult a phvsician on the subject, and iwas assured that this uboy" could not have been exceeding? eleven years at the time of his marriage." . ; . - VV hat will our little shavers, w ho exult at the " idea of sporting a puuv moustache before they have attained the height of a common walking cane, ininK oi uns exiraoramary youtn, who has so early taken upon himself the bilities,of lite, and who rejoices in the appella uon oi -ramer, ' wmi tuey cannot nKure a cognomen inorei dignified than that of "Little" Bub." How to Preserve' - Eggs. Take v half inch board of any convenient lencth and breadth. and pierce it as full of holes (each It inches in dyunetari as you can. A board two feet and ;.. :.. I" ti i e . - i " -gui, anu one iooi.wiue, nas nvc rinrpn m if s.iv tvn!v rrvc rC fii-o nnb Tlin ' - " " " i.vi. take four stnPs two lnc!ics broad, and nail them together edgewise into a rectangular frame of tbe same .size as your other board. Nail this u0anJ uI,on tne lra,ne auU u,e work done, unless you choose to nail a heading around the top. , Put your eggs m this board as they come from the poultry house, the small ends down, and they will keep , good for six months, if you ulKe uie uowmg precautions, lake care that iiieirirs uo now cx weu euuer in me nest or ai- terwarJs- -Reep. them in a cool room in sum er, and oat. of the reach of frost in winter. If two uoartls be kept, one can be filling while the olllfer is emptying. English Agricultural Ga- zette. Tom Moore said to , Pel, on looking O at the pictures ofau Irish orator: uYu can fee lIie very quiver " Yes " sai(1 let w and the i of his lips." nrrow conimcr out ot ,l , 00re was telling this to one of his countrymen, uiibwereu: vHb meant 'arrab, coming outofiL" ADDRESS OF THE HON. A. W. V ENABLE, DELIVERED BEFORE Tlie first Annual State Fair of North Carolina October i9, 1853." It was with much hesitation that I consented to deliver the address at the opening of this, the first State Fair in North Carolina. Tho short time for preparation, and the pressure of other engagements, seemed to present insur mountable difficulties, especially, when I was in formed, that two distinguished gentlemen, who were much more likely than myself to be equal to the occasiou, had been compelled to decline the duty. The committee, however, deeming that such an inauguration could not be dispeused with and desirous that nothing should be omitted that" could advance the 'agricultural interests of our State, or arouse her citizens to tho fulfillment of the; high destiny which awaits them, urged up on me to consent , to be the Speaker, to-day. Deferring to their judgment, I-determined not to consider personal inconvenience,but cheerfully' to employ whatever influence I might possess in aid of the great cause, a subject, of all others, most likely to furnish compensation for the brief space allotted to preparation, in the richness of the theme, the variety of its interests, and, above all, tbe vastness of its importance. Borrowing nothing from novelty, the interest which it com-, uiands is referable alone to its intrinsic merit. We assemble today, to do bonor to this, one of the noblest, and most useful of human occupa tions, that which came first to the supply of the wants of man, when Sin threw a blight " over the bloom of Paradise, and the curse curtailed the bounties of nature by restraining the spon taneous fruitfulness of the earth. Man. was sent forth from, the garden of Eden to till the ground from whence he was taken," with the as "' ; ; . , H Bkrlianic 5lrfs 0nbEpcniinit in surance that " in the sweat of thy fare, shalt thou eat bread." This is tho patent from which Agriculture dates its institution, and it comes to us venerable as well for its high antiquity as for its divine origin. And he who said to tbe first of our erring race, M cursed be tlie groend for thy sake," laid not on that curse so heavily, but that human skiil, and arduous industry, might so far mollify its effects as abundantly to supply the wants, incident to our nature. ItTwas kindness, as well as justice, which im poses the necessity of labor upon a race which had lost its innocence. All experience teaches that the necessities of life are indispensable to the perfection of human character. Stern and inflexible teachers they are, but as faithful as they are stern, and as important as they are in flexible, types and shadows of the tdorns and thirties, which our great ancestor for the first tiniiaw pirging from - the ground, a conse quence of his transgression, when he, who had gathered the fruits of Paradise for his refresh ment, was told, that ho should "henceforth cat of the herb of the field." Then.Wgan tlie work which has since continued to mark the genera tions of our race, a mark so distinctive, a proof so conclusive, of the identity of that race, that we may well smile at the credulity of ihoso en quirers who have failed to fiud in revelation enough to remove their doubts. Man alone tills the ground, for bis brer.d. Sustained by the recurrence of seed time and harvest, he sows in hope and cultivates in joy ous expectation. In all conditions of man, from the deepest barbarism to the highest civilization, the existence of religious feeling, connected with the cultivation of tho earth, has been discovered. The very occupation, depending for its succcsup changes of season beyond human control, points to an ovcrruliiii' Providence as the source of prosperity. Ami the hi.-try of every people IefH:ta:Ued thu'niemory of season of sadness as well as of rejoicing, as the earth withheld or bc- . .stowed in bountiful profusion her fruit. From the green corn dance of our own Indians to the Festival in honor of Cere, our own joyous har vet time, and the rejoicings of the w orld over the ingatherings of the fruits of the earth, we' perceive that the feelings of the heart have cours ed through the same channels which led in the earliest times to the offering the Grt fruits of flocks and fields to the Author and Dipener of all good. The progress 6f its improvement and the ex tent of its advancement are most certainly" indi cated by the maimer in which the earth is till ed, from the villages of Indian Wigwams, and the small patches of grain cultivated by their women,th rough all the tradationsjof social organi zation, until we reach the highest refinements of civilized life. Nations gradually cmeige from the turbulent, semi-bafbarous and aggressive state of war and conquest, into the permanent quiet of an agricultural ag Men ock mch a condition for the security of persons and pro perty, .the cultivation of social affections, and that expansive benevolence which looks to the human family as one and tho same superior race. Iu the full prosperity of agriculture na tional prosperity is complete. It calls into cxis" tencc and Miftuins all other professions, which enlarge. and increase its own icces. Like an uufailin'g fountain, it refreshes each with contin uous, streams of vifilitv. As long as Airrieul ture llourUhes and maintains its precedence, or at least, its equality in human employments, a nation would be unconscious of the wasthnj in lluence of decline, or the presence of decay. It is when those who till the ground, to whom the wilderness of barbarism and the fierceness of a warlike spit it, yielded in tho constitution of a well-organized Government, resign their leader ship and fall behiud those who luive grown up under the shadow of, and lived upon their labor, that the imbecility of age aud decline is seen :md felt. Nations, like men, grow old and feeble, but for very ditferent rcaons. Neither the high est virtue, nor the most unvarying prudence, can evade the doom. "The dust shall retutn to the dust as it was." But wisdom to devise and patriotism to execute good, just and whole some laWs, would continue, the existence of a nation through ihe ireneratious of man. Thero would be a current of happiness and properity, of progressive incre;isc, of devotiou to such a Government, that would give strength with :ic and inspire a vigor, which would resist the in vasion of decay. Liberty, which consists in the equality of right, opening a field for enterprize, would give ceaseless cmploymeut to those ener gies which are always salutary, when not un wisely restrained. Success would be the result of well directed effort, and tho acquisition cf in dependence and wealth the end of a virtuous and judicious industry. Idleness and inprovi dencc would find no favor by authority of law. But, whilst agriculture is producing only, and leaving the management of affairs to those im polled by other interests, another state of things arises, the tendency of which is sure and steady to the overthrow of free institutions. Wheu wealth accumulates, and difficulties are thrown around it3 alienation and consequent return to the common stock, thus aiding cipTtal in iu war against labor, aiontcst, in which the right arm of the people is often crippled or paralyzed, Hn which the complete success of capital pro luces the most abject condition of thoe w ho look to labor is a source of support : this is a decisive symp tom of national sensibility, tho substitution of the will of the creature for that of the Creator. that irregular diffusion of vital energy, that inequality in the distribution of th.e V tights that should balance each other, which disorgan ize and destroy the rich kept very rich and the poor very poor, by the force of legislation state of things which finds its termination in revolution or the law of foice, or in our most civ ilized age, in the emigration of poor and oppress ed lalor, until capital is compelled to yield, for the want of subjects upon which to operate. It is the old age of Europe, the operation of Jabor by capital, M the muzzling the ox that treadeth out the carthai forgetfulncss of the truth that the laborer is worthy of his hire" that has poured upon our shores that stream, of emigra- tion which for many years has presented one of rmarkable phenomena of.the a"e.-- ... . . . . . O the rnot re Thevrnrao to till the n-mur.il. wlicm all it.v- and fresh and free, and, above all, where labor 1 enlarged education is necessary. They ,pvc not command capital; because labor can- always j considered the discoveries of science or LjQ treas command bread where industry never fails "to J ures of art as a powerful part of the ,:sourccs secure comfort and independence where the which bring the soil to its highest stati of pro- cry oi waufc or uio ravages oi uunyer inevcr ciis ffiA 15o!itirn-flnIi 3RtiigiDnj NO' 27. tress or invade. We are this day. eb gaged i , doing honor to tlie great batmeas of tuhog tn ground, and those who till it, and to the occu pations which grow out of it and depend upon it where labor sits the presiding genfus to con-. troi and give direction to opttai, using u as a stimulant to'giveforce'and effect to tho tntrr prises conceived and executed. by itscl ' I It is not ray purpose to confine my .mnarts exclusively to practical agriculture. -Such a dis course belonCT more properly to another occa sion, and would be better auited to the meetings of an Agricultural Society deToted to the execu tion of the details of this great profion. ' We meet not only : farmers, but to recopibe all tbe results of that profession in the kindred pro ductions, mechanics and the arts to claim fel lowship with thoe industrial pursuits wbich,de riving support from thefUrmers, toib; in" return dimmUh the temerity f L labor -Ty improved agricultural implements, and which, add to tho comforts, luxuries and elegancies Jus house, those manufactures which taste designs and skill perfects to demonstrate that agriculture is tlie great centre from hich all industrial pursuit radiate, until they form the. circle of perfect so cial organization, tlie creat bslanoo wheel that should covern and control the motion of all its intrinsic mechanism, securing regularity and'pre- cision in every movement. When any distur bance in tbe conduct of a free government is ob served and felt, it will bo found in the undue in fluence of some other professions and interests, which, for the time, have combined for tlie op pression of agricultural industry. Such irtievan ccs are usually patiently endured fot.a long sca i , i ff . .i . n son, and someumes icn to me curative luuucnre of lime. Agriculture, like fabled Atlas which upheld the Universe, has great strength and great powers of endurance.. Its recuperative en ergy is inconceivable. Life the centre of a great nrmv when the light troops and skirmishers are driven in, it forms a nucleus upon vbkh order may be restored and losses retrieved ; in every crisis and calamity of a people, the Aticaltural iirtorest sustains and. enables them to endure. Commerce may flag, the industrial s art may cease to be remunerative, but the tide must turn in time, and prosperity refhrn with Jt But when the earth w ithholds its increase and tbe flocks and herds perish in the fie!dsrvhen the toil of the liubaudmeu is vain, and gaunt fam ine stalks forth in the land, Hope depart, Des pair come, and stern Ruin begins ts reign. Large portions of our earth, once populous and ricli radiant with all tlie splendor of iuI and ge nius, fosteml by wealth and power, are now, ci ther from 'natural causes or the oppressions of government, lonely nnd without inhabitants, and in the silsnco cf their deseition," pcak to the heart that the labors of the husbandmen were vain, that the genius of Agriculture, having lin gered uutil all hope was paaseJ, departed to some happier and more auspicious country, and with its flight, wenlth, power Mid 5puIation have perihed from the land. Indeed the strength and power of any people nunt be found in their Agricultural capabilities. N'o nation cta long exist who imports all their supplies (f food neither can any people prosper emianently, w here Agricultural interests are cither '"oppress ed or neglected bv Legislative power ibd author ity. . ".'-!.-'.. Legislative neglect is a fatal as acUjjil oppres sion, and it is demonstrable that ruuch'of the de pression of this great interest in Nort-Carolina is referable to suclr neglect. It is no, only nat ural and proper, but nece sary. to tlx perma nence of any such government fis our own,' that the cultivators of the soil, thwo who direct the details of the work, should govern and control! . . t . i ?.. . I its oiK.raitons, anu tate care oi lis ovtti. miercsu In any other hands exclusively it is jinsafe, be cause not guarded by personal inter A ne cessary consequence of tlie neglect of-Uar farm ers to assert aud exercise tbe right to cvntrol and 'overn the countrv. is the decradaticn of the profession in terfect cuiti"atioa and il'iriiaished ! prof:p. WhiUt agriculture asks no' bounties from, government, n inemalities of j gislation to advance its interests, it should der jaud the removal of obstructions, and resist th.j imjosH tion of burthens. To secuie this, thcr must be a strong representition of this intcrcC .in the legislatures of the country, a represc ( ation at ojjee enlightened and learned, in all 'Vio details of this important subject, which sees i. the ag ricultural prosperity of our State and" j country, something higher and nobler than thVenterpri ses of claji trap politicians and thtif paltry schemes. In order to do this, UiercjnUst be a change in the yUra of education, hich has prevailed amongst us. AgricultUmtirmers, in the practical sense of the terms, hayenot been numerous amongst thoe who admiptr, our government either in this Stale, or in ; )he con leJcration of States which form our Rniblid The result has been manifested in thslbunlcus which agriculture has sustained, in thed31!" ins which other mdiviuuai pursuit iw n .eojoy- ed, in tlie wealth which such hot hou.j culture has placed in certain localities and thv Occasion al depressious which have curtailed ftp profits ol producers. In this state of things it b tnic, we have a demonstration of tho indestructibility cf energy and productiveness, of its ciJcity to endure and prosper under cireumstana which would ensure ruin to any other emplymenL Murmurs have sometimes been heard nfid impa tience made so apparent that the fear of capi- talists awakened to an apprehension ot; the loss of all, have induced the relaxation oh a grip which would never have yielded to gneroJity or a sense of justice. Astuteness and Jjunnmg, unrestrained by any particular scruples;.- to jus tice, gave an ascendency to interests wjich had selected such representative, whilst u,iupcct? ing farmers were dilligently engaged ipheir oc cupation, leaving the irovernment inthe.b'ands of those who chose to manage it .In faVleduca- ted fanners were brought up for .that' 'purpose, though all Uic branches ot the mguest iterature and the most enlarged science are not sufficient- J ly numerous amongst us. 1 he cuinrtion oi the cat th and the representation of tl.Ua wno cultivate it is not ofwnjoonfi4ed to suclj a one, ... . i ! principally because such an ono is not , always i to U found, .The farmer themselves ?ave not ! .... . 1 . 1. I rird?vl their profession a one in wlx-h such - : auctiveuc, ana cocr vi iu. vuu.. TEBUS OF AD VEETISIUO." For one qcare, not xeediDg fourteen lioi,$l fof the rt,' and 25 cnU for h obtequest lnrtIo. lho4 of greater length in proportion. CootrtcU to adrertuuDg b'j tie jisr will iVrni Va fsTorsllA terms.. ! AdrertuttraecU tent without tUn the nrtmber V time they are to he pvbikhed, will be continued ill forbid, nd charged accordingly." Toenjure proper attention, all eomsianieatJoni an 3. letters on buiuzeM iast & addrtated to the Editor poet-paid, - with rural beauty. They seemed to hare adop- ted the conclusion, thrt a to other pursuits' . j , 'A tnaa most erre hie time to CTery trJ. i Ev Fanners, Farmers are already made." Uadtr such auspices, do wonder, that the dlsap-j pearir forests are replaced byr worn out and abraded surfaces and that the productive power of our lands has suffered continued diminution.; Agriculture Las bni conVidcrcd m an art de-1 oeedent for its urcccs upon mere labor, however uukilfully applied, and improvements tare !- vsiiced slowly, because neither understood norii adopted, .Even in the application of manures? the samo fatal error has prevented sacccss. ! An 1 ignorance of agricultural chemistry,' hich pre cludtn any certain knowledge of the consututioa cf the soils to which manures, are applied, has left it pretty much to accident whether they sue-' ceed or faU. Like the unskilful practitioner of Meilidne, the tame dose is administered for eve- rr dUasa and in th utn ntinii?'u n.l M should not surprise us if the effects are as often u luiKiiicTouj as saiuLarv. - ; Fanning seems to have been regarded as a business which may be taken up when all oth-l ci tut, uu aoanuouea as soon as any ovner shall be offc led which promises rrot becaUiS 1 benefitted by the progress of irnrrovemenU which have been recognized and adopted. Such! . has been tlie indifference to agricultural eJuca'- tion, that by far the greater portion of what has been written for the advancement of "knowledge upon this subject has been but little read and u-. sually been denominated look-jarminjt and! treated with neglect, if not contempt. . Anj--ncw suggestion, however valuable, must fas! r the..ordeaf of a comparison witli the asTioWj .aud doings of some individiduals",' who, Laving', in some measure succeded, gUe law and onin- ion to the circle in which thry are known. " The disapprobation or distrust of such persons wonldj be conclusive against any iraprovemcat, unless its utility is so obvious as immediately to silenco ! all opposition. Our farmers have Dot recerally - occii cuueaica lor. uie uusincss. tue opinion i -has generally prevailed that tlie highest mental culture was not necessary for success in this., employ menL They have been taught the use of ? the plough, the hoe, and the spade. They can . feed and, raise domestic animals with some sue- cess. But they have not been cn lightened by j the couccrtrated experience and learning of thce who are . successful as w ell as practical, and have given their learning, to the world. - They have not learned to nuke the best( the tuosl j easy and profitable application of their pratical , knowledge how to increase fertility with in- creased pibductiveness how to demonstrate that exhaustion is not tho legitimate consequence i - . i . . i . . i oi proaucuon; ana mat, under wiso -manage- mcnt, the contrary is tiue. Our farmers Lave acquired much from experience we .admit, bit individual experiener, although a certain, is a! most slow and expensive teacher. Tlie los of . time and tlie failures which it records leave it t far behind other instructors, when we consider the value or amount of the information obtained." Men should learn from exierience,it is true, but,' it ischeajcf and better to learn from the ex- pcrieiice of others than our own. Facts di-1 covt rcl sre common pibperty and a proper ngri-1 cultural education would store the mind of the young firmer at once with the facts which cen- I tunes of agricultural experience has developed i nd pre rvcd. The most learned lawyers, phys- j cians aud scholars are those who devote a long 1 life to their profession, as well in study and iu- ' vestigation, to the actual practice, and . ho ' would be regarded as simply presumptuous, who' w'ould claim distinction in any of those pursuits L without similar preparation. How, then, can a busin,es which calU for all that is known in sci- ence and philosophy,' as well as iho improve- mcnts ii mechanics and the arts prosper, when those who control its operations do not seek in- 5 lormauoa upon tuese suojecisr We are often surprised at the contfairctorj. experience of Farmeis upon the application of ' some concentrated manure. With one, the sue-" ccssis astonishing and complete f with the other a fai!ure,.and so on in every grade between the . two extremes. Usuallv, such experience end ) iu the adoption of the improver by those who j have succeeded, and its abandonment by those who have failed, without enquiry as to tlie cause, A moderate proficiency in agricultural chemistry would reveal all tlie mystery. Per- I haps a fpurious article was used when thero I was a failure; possibly, tlie soil abounded even to the production of barrenness in the very ej- mcnt which was introduced to produce fertility. Practical agricultural education would remove ; all such embarrassment and prevent all such' i failures. The first and great step to be taken . is to educate our young men to agricultural ) and kindred pursuits lo.k for our own engin eers, geologists mechanics and architects and instructor of youth amongst our own sous. Thus dignity will be given to the most ancient as well as honorable occupations of life. They will fill our Legislative halls and occup.y tlie high places in our government. Their counsels will always be conservative, for their interests are not baed "upon speculation but the steady accumulation of labor. Tcace is the'r policy, because peace i their interest. Their estates very visible aad fixed are most liable to the tn flu ence of charge from national disaster and always tlie subject upon which taxation falls. And more than all, lh4' country will smile under the band cf enHgfcterif-' ed culture, whilst population and happiness will increase with incalculable rapidity. V,arPeopl will be satisfied with homes which yearly affont new attractions and the exhausting drain of em igration which has so fearfully depleted us will be staved. I would arouse the ploughing peo ple of'the States to an appreciation of their im portance and their responsibilitr. tJxt them remember that they are the bone and sinew of the Republic, the proper possessors of its power I i not felt and that influence not employed; ia salutary manner, the b',aa:e rcU with them. rJucation, knowledge, ana learning uereiope mind, and mind governs the world. IcUlJect and virtue, knowledge1 and industry, are the aristociacy of this our happy land, an4 a pat ent for this nobiutv is within the reach ot all who may devote themselves to tho pursuit m One pursuits, more generation of farmers, and those of kindred j .education tor their profession, would do " for North Carolina than all the politicians j have been, able to effect ia the half centarjr j which has passed. Instead of being their J tools roako them in fact your strv:nU.' As- i i t i i : , r
The New Era (Goldsboro, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Oct. 27, 1853, edition 1
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